Nano robots in medicine

ABOUT NANO ROBOTS

Nano Robotics can be defined as the technology of creating machines or robots close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer (10−9 meters). Nanorobotics refers to nanotechnology, an engineering discipline for designing and building nanorobots. These devices range from 0.1-10 micrometers and are made up of nano scale or molecular components. As no artificial, non-biological Nano robots have yet been created, they remain a pretending concept. The names nanorobots, nanoids, nanites or nanomites have also been used to describe these hypothetical devices.

Nano robots would be used in different application areas such as medicine and space technologies. Nowadays, these nanorobots play a crucial role in the field of Bio-Medicine, particularly for the treatment of cancer, cerebral Aneurysm, removal of kidney stones, elimination of defected parts in the body structure, and for some other treatments that need utmost support to save human lives.
This Nanorobots are nano devices used for the purpose of maintaining and protecting the human body and the structure against pathogens. Nanorobots are implemented by using several components such as sensors, actuators, control, power, communication and by interfacing cross-special scales between organic inorganic systems.

Nano robotic applications 

The application of nano robotics are more as; micro rooties, emerging drug delivering application, health care, bio medical application, cancer therapy, brain aneurysm, communication system and new future nano technologies. Etc
The application of nano technologies in medicine are:
1. Nanorobotics in Surgery
Surgical nanorobots are introduced into the human body through vascular systems and other cavities. Surgical nanorobots act as semi-autonomous on-site surgeon inside the human body and are programmed or directed by a human surgeon. This programmed surgical nanorobot performs various functions like searching for pathogens, and then diagnosis and correction of lesions by nano-manipulation synchronized by an on-board computer while conserving and contacting with the supervisory surgeon through coded ultrasound signals.

Nanorobotics in Surgery


Nowadays, the earlier forms of cellular nano-surgery are being explored. For example, a micropipette rapidly vibrating at a frequency of 100 Hz micropipette comparatively less than 1 micron tip diameter is used to cut dendrites from single neurons. This process is not ought to damage the cell capability.


2. Diagnosis and Testing
Medical nanorobots are used for the purpose of diagnosis, testing and monitoring of microorganisms, tissues and cells in the blood stream. These nanorobots are capable of noting down the record, and report some vital signs such as temperature, pressure and immune system’s parameters of different parts of the human body continuously.


3. Nanorobotics in Gene Therapy
Nanorobots are also applicable in treating genetic diseases, by relating the molecular structures of DNA and proteins in the cell. The modifications and irregularities in the DNA and protein sequences are then corrected (edited). The chromosomal replacement therapy is very efficient compared to the cell repair. An assembled repair vessel is inbuilt in the human body to perform the maintenance of genetics by floating inside the nucleus of a cell.
Nanorobotics in Gene Therapy
Nanorobotics in Gene Therapy
Supercoil of DNA when enlarged within its lower pair of robotic arms, the nanomachine pulls the strand which is unwounded for analysis; meanwhile the upper arms detach the proteins from the chain. The information which is stored in the large nanocomputer’s database is placed outside the nucleus and compared with the molecular structures of both DNA and proteins that are connected through communication link to cell repair ship. Abnormalities found in the structures are corrected, and the proteins reattached to the Deoxy Nucleic Acid chain once again reforms into their original form.
4. Nanorobots in Cancer Detection and Treatment
The current stages of medical technologies and therapy tools are used for the successful treatment of cancer. The important aspect to achieve a successful treatment is based on the improvement of efficient drug delivery to decrease the side-effects from the chemotherapy.
Nanorobots in Cancer Detection and Treatment
Nanorobots in Cancer Detection and Treatment
Nanorobots with embedded chemical biosensors are used for detecting the tumor cells in early stages of cancer development inside a patient’s body. Nanosensors are also utilized to find the intensity of E-cadherin .
5 Anti Hiv using nano technology
The immune system is comprised of two important cell types; the B-cells and the T- cells, The B-cell is responsible for the production of antibodies and the T-cell is responsible for helping The B-cell for making antibodies or for killing damaged or different cells within the body and the T-cell are classified mainly into two types, the "helper" T-cell and cytotoxic T-cell. The T- helper population is further divided into those help B-cells (Th2) and those which help cytotoxic T-cells (Th1) through nano robotics treatment systems, immune systems and operation of Hiv. The immune system is activated. Both B and T cell members respond to the threat, which is a result in the elimination of the substance or agent from from our bodies. Normally, these actions are wonderfully protective of us. The effect of Hiv in the immune system is the result of a gradual elimination of the Th1 and Th2 helper T- cell sub population. Remember about the proteins which envelopes HIV. One of these proteins, named gp120 'recognises' a protein on helper T-cells named CD4 and physically associates with it. The CD4 protein is a normal part of a helper T-cells membrane.

As a consequence of the interaction with CD4 on helper T-cells, HIV spefically infect the very cells necessary to activate both T-cell immune responses. Consequently the virus can multiply, and kill the helper T-cell in which it lives. The fight between the virus and the immune system for supremacy is continuous until the body eventually succumbs, apparently because of the inability to of not being able to produce T-cell any longer. This result in the complete in ability of our body o ward-off even the weakest of the organisms. This acquired condition of immune deficiency is called AID